Incandescent vapor-burner.



(No Model.)

No. 647,692. Patented A r. |7 I960.

F. m. BLACKMAN;

' INGANDES'CENT VAPORBURNEB (Application filed July 20, 1899.)

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NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANKLIN M. BLACKMAN, OF AURORA, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO ALFRED COLE, OF SAME PLACE.

INCANDESCENT VAPOR-BURNER.

S PECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 647,692, dated April 17, 1900.

Application filed July 20, 1899. Serial No. 724,482. (No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern)- Be it known that I, FRANKLIN M. BLACK- MAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Aurora, in the county of Kane and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to that class of lamps in which gasolene or other light hydrocarbon oil is vaporized by the heat of the flame of the lamp'and the vapor thus produced mixed with a suitable proportion of air and conveyed to the burner.

The object of the invention is to provide a lamp of this class of such construction that the pressure developed in the generator or vaporizer will remain constant, whereby pulsations in the flame are prevented. This object is attained by providing the vaporizingchamber of the generator with a minute inletorifice adapted to discharge a minute jet of liquid hydrocarbon directly into it, and a second minuteioutlet-orifice for the escape of the vapor, said orifices being very small in crosssectional area as compared with the crosssectional area of the vaporizing chamber or passage, the proportions being such, regard being had for the capacity of the lamp, that the entire volume of liquid hydrocarbon discharged into the vaporizing-chamber is vaporized almost instantly upon entering and the flooding or partial flooding of the chamber prevented. I am aware that it is not new, broadly, to provide a lamp of this class with a generator or vaporizer which is heated by the flame of the lamp and which has a minute vapor-outlet but I am not aware that it has ever been proposed to provide the vaporizing-chamber with a similarly-minute inlet for the liquid hydrocarbon. In fact, it seems that heretofore very little attention has been paid to the quantity of liquid hydrocarbon introduced into the vaporizing-chamber, and in those instances Where a minute outlet-orifice has been employed the size of the inlet-orifice seems to have been regarded as of no importance, the inlet-orifice being made of such size that an excessive quantity of liquid hydrocarbon is discharged into the vaporizingchamber and of such size that the pressure developed within the vaporizingchamber might pass back into the reservoir. The objection to this is that it causes in the flame pulsations, due to the fact that the pressure within the vaporizingchamber and the pres sure in the reservoir do not remain in equilibrium. This bbjection is wholly obviated by continuously and uninterruptedly delivering to the vaporizing-chamber the exact quantity of liquid hydrocarbon necessary to produce the quantity of vapor needed for thelamp, and in an ordinary stand-lamp for household use this quantity is very small, only such as might be admitted through a minute orificesuch, for example, as would scarcely admit a very fine needle. It is upon the term minute as thus defined (regard being had always for the capacity of the lamp) that I rely in this specification for distinguishing the character of the inlet-orifice contemplated by my invention from the inlet-orifices of devices as heretofore constructed.

. The invention consists in the features of novelty that are herein fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are made a part hereof, and in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of a lamp embodying theinvention. Fig. 2 is a section, on a somewhat-larger scale, of the generator or vaporizer with its inlet and outlet nozzles or tips omitted.

A represents the reservoir, which in the form of the invention shown in the drawings is located at a level lower than the generator. When so located,it is necessary to provide means for charging the reservoir with air under pressure for the purpose of forcing the liquid hydrocarbon up to the generator. To this end the reservoir is provided with a nipple B,'adapted to receive the connection from a pump, by which air may be forced into the reservoir through the orifice b, and with a valve 0, by which the orifice may be opened while the air is being pumped in and closed after the reservoir is charged. 'The same nipple and orifice may be used for introducing the liquid hydrocarbon.

generator or vaporizer preferably consists of a thin block or plate having at its Opposite ends tubular extensions E and E the former of which screws onto a fitting F, with which the tube or passage D communicates. The

fitting F is provided with an internal bore.

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and with a seat for a valve or cut-01f G, the stem of which passes through a stuffing-box H. The'end of the fitting is reduced and pro vided on its exterior with threads for receiv-- ing corresponding threads on the interior of the tubular extension E, and it is further reduced to receive a discharge nozzle or nipple I, having a minute discharge-orifice. The block or plate is bored or cored to form a gencrating or vaporizing chamber comprising two transverse branches 6 e and two longitudinal branches e connecting their ends, The branches e and e communicate, respectively, with the tubular extensions E and E the arrangement. being such that the jet of liquid hydrocarbon discharged from the nipple or nozzle 1 strikes against the wall of the branch e. The generator is disposed with its broad flat sides inhorizontal planes directly over the; burner of the lamp, whereby it is kept at a suificiently-high temperature to vaporize the liquid hydrocarbon which is discharged into it. By reason of the described construction of the generating or vaporizing chamber or passage the'entering volume of liquid bydrocarbon discharged into the generator or vaporizer is completely vaporizedand superheated in its passage through the generator, and the superheated vapor thus produced is discharged from. the generator through a minute orifice in a nipple or nozzle J. The cross-sectional area of the orifice in this nozzle is: very much less than that of the generatingor vaporizing passage or chamber-of the vaporizer and is disposed opposite the intake end of a comparatively-large tube or passage K, which leads to the burner L. The-burner is of the Welsbach type and olfers but little resistance to the escape of the combustible mixture from the end of the tube K, so that there is comparatively no back pressure within said tube, and consequently no tendency to the escape of gas at the air-inlet of the. tube;v It will be understood that the vapor is under considerable pressure in the vaporizing chamber; but owing to the minuteness of theinlet-orifice of the generator this pressure does not to any appreciable. ex-

tent extendinto the tube or passage D or=the reservoir A. Under this pressure thevap'or is discharged from the nozzle K'with considerable-force, andin entering the intake endof the tube or'passage K it induces or. draws into said tube or passage avolume of air suflicient to form,withthe vapor,a combustible mixture.

In order to positively prevent. the escape of any vapor. at the breach or interspace between. the nozzle J and the tube or; passage K, this breach or interspace is surrounded by an imperforate hood or sleeve- M, which ispreferably closed at one end and has its open end. presented in the direction of the vapor-discharge, so that the air in order to enter the tube or passage K must enter the hood or sleeve in a direction opposite that in which the jet of vapor is passing.

What I claim as new, and desire. to secure ..ing a vaporizing-chamber formed in a thin and comparatively-wide body of metal, a minuteorifice forthe inlet of oil to said vaporizing-chamber and a minute orifice for the outlet of vapor therefrom, said orifices being of substantially the same size and of much less cross-sectional area thanthe vaporizing-chamber, whereby a minute. jet of oilis discharged into the'vapor'izingchamber under pressure where it is immediately and completely vaporized. and the vapor thus formed is discharged through the outlet-orifice in a minute jet under the pressure at which it is generated, a tube into which said jetof vapor is discharged, said tube being. open for the induction of air under the influenceof said jet of vapor and being of com-parativel-y large cross-sectional area, whereby the vapor andv air are. thoroughly mixed in passing through it, and: a burner at. the discharge end of said tube, said. burner being of the Welsbach type, whereby back pressure within the tube is prevented, the burner being located immediately below the: generator and the generator being arranged with one of its. broad faces presented toward theburner', substantially as set forth.

2. A generator for lamps consisting of a thin and comparatively-broad body of metal having within it a passage, tubular extensions commu-nicating'with said passage, and nozzles carried by said tubular extensions, one of said nozzles being arranged to discharge; a jet of liquid hydrocarbon. into said passage and the other-being arranged to discharge a. jet of vapor from said passage, the

orifices of said nozzles being. minute, of substantially the samesize and of less cross-sew tional area than the cross-sectional area of the passage and the passage. being indirect or. deflected" from a straight line connecting thenozzles, whereby thejet of' liquid hydrocarbon discharged into it strikes against one of its walls, substantially as setforth.

3'. A lamp having a generator consisting of an integral plate offmetal having a vaporizing chamber comprising connected trans verse and longitudinal branches, a. minute orifice for the inlet of oil arranged. to discharge a minute jet of oilagainst the wallof one of said branches, a. minute orifice for the outlet of. vapor, a burner, and a tube. or passage leading from thevapor-outlet orifice to the burner, substantially asset forth,

4'. A. lamp having a. generator consisting of ICO an integral plate of metal having a vaporizing chamber comprising two transverse branches and two longitudinal branches connecting the ends of said transverse branches, a minute orifice for the inlet of oil arranged to discharge a minute jet of oil against the wall of one of said transverse branches at a point intermediate said longitudinal branches, a minute outlet-orifice arranged opposite the 

